The international community deems that international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, cannot go unpunished. During the 1990s it significantly stepped up its “fight against impunity” and established numerous international criminal courts and tribunals to prosecute and punish perpetrators of such atrocity crimes committed around the globe. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) were the first ad hoc international criminal tribunals set up to deal with those suspected of mass human rights violations in this new “era of accountability”. Meanwhile, they both have closed down and their legacies are currently being assessed. During their functioning, both institutions were subjected to harsh criticism: trials were extremely slow; fact finding found to be inaccurate; the number of convictions marginal; sentences too lenient, inconsistent, lacking justification or misplaced; and the post-sentencing phase - incarceration and reintegration of those convicted - haphazard and arbitrary. In this lecture we will zoom in on one of these criticized aspect of the Tribunals’ legacy and discuss sentencing of perpetrators of mass atrocity crimes, their incarceration, rehabilitation in prison and reintegration after their release.