STATES OF EMERGENCY IN COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW:
States of Emergency in Comparative Constitutional Law
Chair of Constitutional Law
States of Emergency in Comparative Constitutional Law
Study: Civil Law - 9. semester
Commercial Law - 9. semester
Constitutional-Administrative - 9. semester
Criminal Law - 9. semester
International Law - 9. semester
The European Union Law - 9. semester
Code: 96813
ECTS: 4.0
Course coordinators: prof. dr. sc. Đorđe Gardašević
Exam dates:
  • 15. 04. 2024.
  • 10. 06. 2024.
  • 24. 06. 2024.
  • 08. 07. 2024.
  • 26. 08. 2024.
  • 09. 09. 2024.
Exam registration: Studomat
Basic data
States of Emergency in Comparative Constitutional Law Civil Law - 9. semester
Commercial Law - 9. semester
Constitutional-Administrative - 9. semester
Criminal Law - 9. semester
International Law - 9. semester
The European Union Law - 9. semester
4.0 96813
Lecturer in charge Consultations Location
prof. dr. sc. Đorđe Gardašević Trg Republike Hrvatske 3, room 15
Literature
REQUIRED: Đorđe Gardašević; Ograničenja ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda u izvanrednim stanjima; Hrvatska udruga za ustavno pravo (2014), str
REQUIRED: Arsen Bačić; Odredbe o "stanju nužnosti" u Ustavu Republike Hrvatske iz 1990. godine (rekapitulacija), Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu, god. 34/45-46; Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Splitu (1997), str. 39-57
REQUIRED: Arsen Bačić; Ustav i ustavna diktatura; Književni krug (1992), str. [object Object]
REQUIRED: Petar Bačić; Nacionalna sigurnost i derogativna klauzula o pravima čovjeka, Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu, god. 40 (2003); Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Splitu (2003), str. 359-370
REQUIRED: Jasna Omejec; Izvanredna stanja u pravnoj teoriji i ustavima pojedinih zemalja, Pravni vjesnik, 12 (1-4), 1996.; Pravni fakultet u Osijeku (1996), str. 172-196
REQUIRED: Jasna Omejec; Ograničavanje sloboda i prava čovjeka i građanina u izvanrednim stanjima, Društvena istraživanja, Zagreb, god. 5. (1996.), br. 2(22); Institut društvenih znanosti Ivo Pilar (1996), str. 345-374
REQUIRED: Đorđe Gardašević; Američki egzekutivni unilateralizam i "Rat protiv terorizma", Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu 61 (2011.) 4; Pravni fakultet u Zagrebu (2011), str. 1295-1337
REQUIRED: Đorđe Gardašević; Ustav Republike Hrvatske i stanja izuzetka, u: Smerdel, B. i Gardašević, Đ. (ur.), Izgradnja demokratskih ustavnopravnih institucija Republike Hrvatske u razvojnoj perspektivi; Hrvatska udruga za ustavno pravo (2011), str. 61-87
REQUIRED: Oren Gross, Fionnuala Ni Aolain; Law in Times of Crisis; Cambridge University Press (2006), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: Branko Smerdel; PREDSJEDNIK, KONGRES, USTAV I RAT - Ratna ovlaštenja američkog Kongresa u svjetlu intervencije u Libanonu i Granadi, Pogledi 14/1984(1); (1984), str. 5-11
RECOMMENDED: Branko Smerdel; Suvremeni američki Kongres i politika oružanih intervencija - Ustavnopravni problemi i politička zbilja, Naša zakonitost, 37/1984(4); (1984), str. 434-443
RECOMMENDED: Branko Smerdel; Ustavno uređenje europske Hrvatske; Narodne novine (2013), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: Đorđe Gardašević; Izvanredna stanja i ustavnopravno uređenje Republike Hrvatske, na str. 433-451., u: Smerdel, B. i Gardašević, Đ. (ur.), Izgradnja demokratskih ustavnopravnih institucija Republike Hrvatske u razvojnoj perspektivi; Hrvatska udruga za ustavno pravo (2011), str. 433-451
RECOMMENDED: Saša Šegvić; Antiterorizam - između sigurnosti i demokracije, Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu, god. 44, 1/2007; Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Splitu (2007), str. 77-86
RECOMMENDED: Saša Šegvić; Normativne ovlasti egzekutive prema vojsci - s posebnim osvrtom na ulogu vojske u obrani državnopravnog poretka, (doktorska disertacija); Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Splitu (2002), str
RECOMMENDED: Saša Šegvić; O ratnim ovlastima predsjednika SAD nakon terorističkog napada 11. rujna 2001., Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu, 52 (6), (2002); Pravni fakultet u Zagrebu (2002), str. 1233-1251
RECOMMENDED: Saša Šegvić; Ustavnost izvanrednog stanja, Vladavina prava, Zagreb, 1999., god. III, br. 1.; Zagreb: Lux, 1997-2002 (1999), str
RECOMMENDED: Saša Šegvić; Sudska kontrola egzekutive u stanju nužde u SAD - slučaj zatočenika u Guantanamu, Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu, god. 43, 1/2006.; Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Splitu (2006), str. 43-62
RECOMMENDED: Ivan Padjen; Uredbe iz nužde hrvatskog predsjednika: mjerodavnost francuskog javnog prava, Politička misao, Vol XXXIII (1996.); Fakultet političkih znanosti Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (1996), str. 149-165
RECOMMENDED: John E. Finn; Constitutions in Crisis; Oxford University Press on Demand (1991), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: Bruce A. Ackerman; Before the Next Attack; Yale University Press (2007), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: Giorgio Agamben; State of Exception; University of Chicago Press (2008), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: Stewart Abercrombie Baker, John Kavanagh; Patriot Debates; Amer Bar Assn (2005), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: Peter Berkowitz; Terrorism, the Laws of War, and the Constitution; Hoover Press (2005), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: Albert Venn Dicey; Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution; Theclassics.Us (2013), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: Carl Joachim Friedrich; Constitutional Government and Democracy. Theory and Practice in Europe and America. Fourth Edition; (1968), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: The Works of John Locke, in Nine Volumes... Volume the First (-ninth); (1824), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: Eric A. Posner, Adrian Vermeule; Terror in the Balance; Oxford University Press, USA (2007), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: Richard A. Posner; Not a Suicide Pact: The Constitution in a Time of National Emergency; Oxford University Press (2006), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: Clinton Rossiter; Constitutional Dictatorship; Transaction Publishers (1948), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: Geoffrey R. Stone; Perilous Times; W. W. Norton (2005), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: Carl Schmitt; Political Theology; University of Chicago Press (2010), str. [object Object]
RECOMMENDED: Bruce Ackerman; The Emergency Constitution, 113 Yale Law Journal 1029 (2004); The Yale Law Journal Company, Inc. (2004), str. 1029-1091
RECOMMENDED: Geoffrey R. Stone; National Security v. Civil Liberties, 95 Cal. L. Rev. 2203 (2007); (2007), str. 2203-2212
RECOMMENDED: Ferejohn, J., Pasquino, P.; The Law of the Exception: A Typology of Emergency Powers, International Journal of Constitutional Law, vol. 2, number 2 (2004); Oxford University Press (2004), str. 210-239
RECOMMENDED: Issacharoff, S., Pildes, R. H.; Emergency contexts without emergency powers: The United States' constitutional approach to rights during wartime, International Journal of Constitutional Law, Vol. 2 (2004); Oxford University Press (2004), str. 296-333
RECOMMENDED: Lobel, J.; Emergency Power and the Decline of Liberalism, 98 Yale. L. J. 1385 (1988-1989); The Yale Law Journal Company, Inc. (1989), str. 1385-1433
RECOMMENDED: Rosenfeld, M.; Judicial Balancing in Times of Stress: Comparing the American, British, and Israeli approaches to the War on Terror, 27 Cardozo Law Review 2079 (2006); (2006), str. 2079-2151
Description
The notion of states of emergency represents an inseparable part of constitutional law, a fact which is clearly to be seen especially in two basic constitutional consequences that emerge as a result of crisis: on one hand, there appears an extraordinary allocation of competences between various constitutional institutions (usually characterized by concentration of powers on the side of the executive and certain self-restraint by representative bodies and courts - special crisis definition of the principle of separation of powers); on the other hand, there appears a need for restriction of constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights and freedoms.

At the same time, this reflects the basic importance of states of emergency in relation to the idea of constitutionalism: in its extreme, states of emergency are defined as the so-called "states of exception", characterized by a specific suspension (partial or full) of a normal constitution. Reasons for this, criteria of constitutionally acceptable actions during crisis (as well as defining of a principal crisis actor and its relationship towards other subjects/institutions) and objectives aimed to be achieved through emergency actions (normative objective of preservation of an existing constitutional order and problem of a restoration of an ex-ante constitution) make essential elements of a special theory on the "state of exception".

States of emergency certainly make part of a practice of modern constitutionalism (e.g. War on Terrorism; COVID-19 Pandemic). Such practice, and its reflecting doctrine, however, are not merely a phenomenon of modern age. In its rather articulated form, basis of these problems have already been, at the latest, defined in the Roman age (institution of a dictator), while their subsequent developments include various classical (French state of siege, Anglo-American martial law, crisis delegation of powers, special emergency legislation) and modern models (special constitutional and legislative measures).

The course offers an overview of all basic issues of classical and contemporary notions of states of emergency. On the level of a positive analysis, students acquire knowledge on the notion, constitutional position and consequences of various comparative institutes of states of emergency, (examples of modern democracies: United States of America, France, Federal Republic of Germany etc.). At the same time, within the positive analysis, students are introduced to modern case-law dealing with states of emergency, with special emphasis on differing interpretations of problems which case-law in that context offers. On the level of a theoretical analysis, students examine a gradual development of theories of states of emergency.
Exam dates
15. 04. 2024.
10. 06. 2024.
24. 06. 2024.
08. 07. 2024.
26. 08. 2024.
09. 09. 2024.